Metabolic Markers: Track Health Improvements on GLP-1

Published January 11, 2026 | Health Data | 6 min read

Weight loss is visible. But metabolic improvements are invisible - until you test. Here's what changes on Semaglutide and Tirzepatide.

The Most Important Metabolic Markers

1. Fasting Blood Glucose
Normal: 70-100 mg/dL | Prediabetic: 100-125 | Diabetic: >126

What changes: Typically drops 15-30 mg/dL on GLP-1. More if diabetic at baseline. Non-diabetics stay normal but optimize.

Test frequency: Baseline, 8 weeks, 16 weeks

2. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)
Normal: <5.7% | Prediabetic: 5.7-6.4% | Diabetic: ≥6.5%

What changes: 3-month average blood sugar. Diabetics see 1.5-2.5% reduction. Prediabetics normalize often. Most significant health improvement metric.

Test frequency: Baseline, 12 weeks, quarterly thereafter

3. Fasting Insulin
Normal: <12 mU/L | Elevated: >12 (insulin resistance)

What changes: Drops 40-60% on GLP-1. Shows insulin sensitivity improving. Often changes before glucose normalizes.

Test frequency: Baseline, 16 weeks (optional but valuable)

4. HOMA-IR (Insulin Resistance Index)
Calculated: (Fasting Glucose × Fasting Insulin) ÷ 405 | Normal: <1.0 | Resistance: >2.0

What changes: Improves dramatically (can drop from 3.5 to 1.2). This is the metabolic root cause GLP-1 fixes.

Test frequency: Baseline, 12 weeks (calculated from insulin + glucose)

Lipid Panel (Cholesterol) Changes

Total Cholesterol
Desirable: <200 mg/dL | Borderline: 200-239 | High: ≥240

Change: Typically drops 10-20% on GLP-1 due to weight loss + improved insulin sensitivity.

LDL Cholesterol ("Bad")
Optimal: <100 mg/dL | Near Optimal: 100-129

Change: Drops 15-25% on GLP-1. More improvement if dietary changes made alongside medication.

HDL Cholesterol ("Good")
Men: >40 mg/dL | Women: >50 mg/dL (higher is better)

Change: Often INCREASES on GLP-1 (opposite of LDL). This is good - ratio improves cardiovascular health.

Triglycerides
Desirable: <150 mg/dL | Borderline: 150-199 | High: ≥200

Change: Drops 20-40% on GLP-1. Particularly if high carb diet reduced (common on GLP-1 due to appetite suppression).

What Healthy Metabolic Changes Look Like

Baseline (Before GLP-1):

After 12 Weeks on GLP-1:

This is typical progression. Weight loss + metabolic repair = whole-body health transformation.

Other Markers That Improve

Blood Pressure: Often drops 10-20 mmHg systolic from weight loss + better metabolic function. If on BP meds, often need dose reduction.

C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Inflammation marker. Drops 40-60% on GLP-1, showing reduced systemic inflammation.

Kidney Function (eGFR): Often improves from better glucose control. Weight loss alone improves kidney health.

Liver Function: Fatty liver (common in obesity) reverses on GLP-1. ALT/AST improve 30-50%.

Testing Schedule

Timeframe Tests to Do
Before Starting Full metabolic panel (glucose, A1C, insulin, lipids, kidney, liver)
8 Weeks Fasting glucose, basic lipids (check early improvement)
12 Weeks Full repeat panel (A1C, insulin, lipids, kidney, liver)
6 Months & Beyond Quarterly metabolic panel (monitor maintenance phase)

Where to Test in Lagos

Arrange baseline and follow‑up testing through accredited labs. EkoPeptide can help coordinate partners and interpret your results.

Red Flag Results

If A1C increases instead of decreases: Protocol not working. May need dose escalation or medication change.

If triglycerides spike: May indicate excess carb intake despite appetite suppression. Nutrition adjustment needed.

If kidney function worsens (eGFR drops >10%): GLP-1 may need dose reduction. Monitor closely.

If liver enzymes elevate significantly: Rare, but needs evaluation. May need to pause medication.

SCHEDULE METABOLIC TESTING

EkoPeptide coordinates Lagos labs • Track your metabolic improvements

References

  1. Wilding JPH, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021.
  2. Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022.

Medically Reviewed by Dr. Chukwuemeka Okonkwo

MBBS, FMCP - Endocrinology

Content reviewed by qualified healthcare professionals for accuracy.